FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone); a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that ensures maturation of follicle in women and spermatogenesis in men.
A gamete implies male or female reproductive cell. These are eggs and sperms.
GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone): A hormone that is secreted by brain and regulates the pituitary gland.
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin): A hormone secreted by embryo and used to diagnose pregnancy.
Hemophilia: A type of bleeding disorder. A disease characterized with inability to stop bleeding.
Hyperstimulation: Over-reaction of ovaries by hormones while ovaries are stimulated. In this case, ovaries enlarge and cysts develop.
Pituitary gland: A secretory gland that is located immediately beneath the brain and regulates most internal secretory glands.
Hysterosalpingography: An imaging modality that provides details about internal structure of the uterus and the Fallopian tubes.
HMG (Human Menopausal Gonadotropin): A medicine that contains FSH and LH to stimulate ovaries.
ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection): Injecting a sperm into an egg. It is also called microinjection.
Implantation: Implies adherence of embryo to endomentrial cells in the uterus and initiation of the pregnancy.
Infertile: A human who cannot achieve conception or cause failed conception of the spouse in a particular interval.
Infertility: Failure or lack of conception despite regular sexual intercourse of the couple with no contraceptive method for a year.
Incubator: A special cabinet, where the embryo is culture, temperature is maintained close to the body temperature and contains carbon dioxide at particular concentration.
Insemination: Implies inseminating the sperm into the womb or placing the sperm nearby the egg in order to achieve fertilization.
IVF (In Vitro Fertilization); Fertilization outside of the body.
Gynecologist; A doctor specialized in diseases and health of women.
Catheter: A thin, plastic tube that is used to place sperm and embryo.
Conception: A new creature arising out of the egg of female fertilized by the sperm of the male.
Cordocentesis: Taking a piece of tissue from the umbilical cord of fetus for examination.
Corpus luteum: The tissue differentiating from the follicle that leaves after the ovulation.
Chromosome: Genetic codes that are found in nucleus of each cell and ensure genetic inheritance. A human has 46 chromosomes.
Cryopreservation: A method used to freeze and store embryo.
Culture medium: A fluid that ensures growth of embryo at laboratory settings.
Laparoscopy: A surgical method used to visualize the abdominal cavity.
LH (Luteinizing Hormone): A hormone secreted by pituitary that ensures ovulation.
Masturbation: Self-stimulation to eject sperm.
Menopause: Pause of menses.
Micromanipulation: Methods used to place the sperm into the egg. Microinjection is the most common one of those techniques.
Microinjection: Injection the sperm into the egg.
Molecular biology: A branch of science dealing with intracellular structures.
Morphology: Determining shape and dimensions of sperm.
Oligospermia: Abnormally low count of sperm in ejaculate.
Oocyte: The female egg, female gamete.
Occyte pick-up: Implies harvesting eggs from ovarian follicles. A needle is inserted into the follicle and the fluid and the egg are suctioned out.
Ovary: A female reproductive organ.
Ovulation: Implies release of eggs that are mature enough for ovulation.
Estradiol: A female hormone secreted by follicle and corpus luteum.
Estrogen: It is principally produced in ovaries. The production starts with puberty and continues until menopause. It is also responsible for development of secondary sex characters.
PESA Percutaneous epidydimal sperm aspiration
Pipette: A thin glass or plastic tube.
Polycystic ovary disease: Formation of multiple small cysts in the ovary.
Polyspermia: An egg fertilized by more than one sperm.
Post-coital test: Examination of cervical fluid and the sperm ejaculated there after the intercourse.
Progesterone: A hormone secreted by corpus luteum.
Pronuclei: Nuclei that contain 23 chromosomes. One includes female chromosomes, while the other contains male chromosomes.
Semen: The umbrella term for the sperm and the fluid that comprise the ejaculate during the orgasm.
Semen Analysis: Implies determining number per millimeter, shape and motility of fresh sperm under microscope.
Serum: The fluid after blood is separated.
Cervix: This inferior part of the uterus protrudes into the vagina and enlarges while baby passes through the delivery.
Cycle: A time elapsing from Day 1 of menstruation to the initiation of the next menstruation. It takes approximately 28 days in human.
Sperm: Male reproductive cells.
Sperm bank: A place, where healthy sperms are frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen.
Sperm canals: Implies canals that sperms swim through and extend from testis to glans penis.
Spermatogenesis: Formation of sperm
Sterile: A human who will never have a baby.
TESA: Testicular Sperm Aspiration
TESE: Testicular Sperm Extraction
Teratozoospermia: Implies dominancy of sperms with morphological disorder.
Testis: It refers two male reproductive organs. They are found in a sac and produce the male sex hormone, testosterone, and the sperm, the male reproductive cell.
Testosterone: Male reproductive hormone.
In vitro fertilization: One of assisted reproductive techniques that ensure growth of embryo outside of the body.
Ultrasound: Visualizing internal organs using sound waves
Uterus: A muscular reproductive organ, the womb, that protects and feeds the embryo for growth.
Urologist: A doctor specialized in male urinary tract and genital disease.
ARTC: Assisted Reproductive Technologies Center
Varicocele: Enlargement of testicular vessels.
Viability: Determining the viability of the sperm.
Viscosity: The state of being sticky
Ovarian stimulation: Administering GnRh analogues, hMG and hCG to produce more than one egg.
Zygote: Early developmental phase of embryo.
Zona pellucid: A membrane covering the outer surface of the egg; the sperm penetrates into this membrane and ensures fertilization. This membrane should be peeled off in order to have the embryo implant into the uterus.
The In Vitro Fertilization implies fertilizing a human oocyte with a human sperm at the laboratory settings and transferring the resultant embryo into the womb.
The robotic rehabilitation is a treatment modality used to restore the walking ability in patients with total or partial loss of the gait function. The robotic rehabilitation is an evidence-based treatment that also involves virtual reality processes.
All pre-and post-operative procedures of the kidney transplant are extremely crucial for the health of both the recipient and the donor.
The check-up examinations allows treatment of the diseases successfully before the condition progresses to the symptomatic stage, as it ensures early diagnosis of many diseases.
An aesthetic look is important for most women. Certain processes that can cause deformities in women's body can make them feel unhappy and desperate.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women not only in our country but also worldwide.
As coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic progresses, scientists teach us more about the virus and how it progresses.
